Chirality & Odour Perception

Cyclic Terpenoid Odorants

by John C. Leffingwell, Ph.D.

Photo by permission of M. Roudintska - Art & Parfum

Cyclic Terpenoid Odorants

Bicyclic Terpenoid Odorants

Acyclic Terpenoid Odorants

Ionones, Irones, Damascones & Structurally Related Odorants

Acyclics (Alcohols, Esters, Acids, Aldehydes)

Lactones & Furanones

Sesquiterpenoid Related Odorants

Steroid Urine Type Odorants

Sandalwood Type Odorants

Musk Odorants

Miscellaneous

Enantiomer & Odor Description
Odour Threshold (PPB)

Cyclic Terpenoid Odorants

 .

(R)-(+)-limonene - fresh citrus, orange-like

200

(S)-(-)-limonene - harsh, turpentine-like, lemon note

500

(R)-(-)-alpha-phellandrene - terpene-like, medicinal

500

(S)-(+)-alpha-phellandrene - characteristic dill note

200

(S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol - coniferous odor, tarry, cold pipe like

NA

(R)-(+)-alpha-terpineol - heavy floral lilac-like odor

NA

(1R,3R,4S)-(-)-menthol - cooling, fresh, sweet, minty

400

(1S,3S,4R)-(+)-menthol - fresh, some cooling, sweet-minty with musty, bitter, phenolic and herbaceous notes

300

(1R,3S,4S)-(+)-neomenthol - sweet, musty, fresh, some cooling, minty,

500

(1S,3R,4R)-(-)-neomenthol - minty, musty, fresh, earthy-camphoraceous, some cooling

600

(1R,3S,4R)-(+)-isomenthol - musty, woody, fresh-carrot-minty, earthy-camphoraceous, slight cooling

700

(1S,3R,4S)-(-)-isomenthol - musty, sweet, herbaceous, earthy-camphoraceous, hay, slight cooling

600

(1S,3S,4S)-(-)-neoisomenthol - musty, earthy-camporaceous, sweet, minty, woody, slight cooling

1000

(1R,3R,4R)-(+)-neoisomenthol - musty, earthy-camporaceous, woody, carrot, herbaceous, minty, very little cooling.

200

(4R,2S)-(-)-cis-rose oxide - floral green with clean sharp, light, rose green note, diffusive, strong; also has been described as powerful fruity

0.5

(4S,2R)-(+)-cis-rose oxide - herbal, green floral, hay green, earthy, heavy; also has been described as sweet, floral

50

(4R,2R)-(-)-trans-rose oxide - floral green, green herbal (minty) fruity

160

(4S,2S)-(+)-trans-rose oxide - herbal green, floral fruity, herbal rose, citrus (bitter peel)

80

(2S,4S)-(-)-cis-dihydrorose oxide - (herbal green) herbal, leafy green, heavy

450

(2R,4R)-(+)-cis-dihydrorose oxide - (floral green) clean, ripe fruit herbal, rose green, leafy

17

(2S,4R )-(-)-trans-dihydrorose oxide - herbal floral (fruity, minty, dusty floral green)

150

(2R,4S)-(+)-trans-dihydrorose oxide - herbal green citrus (fruity, herbal fresh citrus (grapefruit))

160

(S)-(-)-nerol oxide - green, spicy, geranium

NA

(R)-(+)-nerol oxide - green, floral, less complex than the (S)-isomer

NA

(S)-(-)-1-p-menthen-8-thiol - grapefruit, possessed a more fruity and less sulfury note than its (R)-(+)-enantiomer

0.00008

(R)-(+)-1-p-menthen-8-thiol - grapefruit, but less fruity than the (S)-(-)-enantiomer

0.00002

(1R,4R)-trans-p-menthan-8-thiol-3-one - onion-like, weak fruity, tropical, dirty

NA

(1S,4S)-trans-p-menthan-8-thiol-3-one - stronger than (1R,4R)-isomer, tropical, sulfurous, pronounced buchu leaf oil notes

NA

(1S,4R)-cis-p-menthan-8-thiol-3-one - black currant leaf, tropical note of passion fruit, intensive fruit note

NA

(1R,4S)-cis-p-menthan-8-thiol-3-one - rubber, mercaptan-note, isopulegone note, burnt, sulfurous, disagreeable

NA

(1S,4S)-trans-p-menthan-8-thiol-3-one acetate - green, black currant, exotic, intensive and penetrating note

NA

(1R,4R)-trans-p-menthan-8-thiol-3-one acetate - musty, sulfury note, intensive

NA

(1R,4S)-cis-p-menthan-8-thiol-3-one acetate - delicate, fruity, sweet

NA

(1S,4R)-cis-p-menthan-8-thiol-3-one acetate - strong, sweet, slightly pungent

NA

(4S)-(-)-terpinen-4-ol - musty, dusty ( odor evaluation by GC-olfactometry by Nishimura); In the stronger smelling (4R)-(-)-menthen-4-ol, an intense herbal-green odor and a pronounced earthy note dominate the flowery tonality (from Delay & Ohloff).

NA

(4R)-(+)-terpinen-4-ol - musty ( odor evaluation by GC-olfactometry by Nishimura); commercially available (+)-menthen-4-ol is known to have a warm, peppery, mildly earthy, musty-woody odor of moderate tenacity. The earthy-musty notes are pleasantly green. Its flowery character resembles that of alpha-terpineol (from Delay & Ohloff).

NA 

(4S)-p-mentha-1,8-dien-4-ol - the odor is considerbly stronger than its enantiomer and is dominated by a heavy, earthy, urinous-animal tonality reminiscent of decaying straw in a stable, the phenolic character being comparable to that of methyl 3,6-dimethyl-resorcylate obtained from the essential oil of oakmoss.

NA 

(4R)-p-mentha-1,8-dien-4-ol - when highly diluted, it has aflowery smell reminiscent of freshly sliced cucumbers, but in high concentrations this is accompanied by an unpleasant metallic subnote

NA 

(3R,6R)-cis-linalool oxide (pyranoid) - earthy

NA 

(3S,6S)-cis-linalool oxide (pyranoid) - sweet, floral, creamy

NA 

(3R,6S)-trans-linalool oxide (pyranoid) - sweet, floral, creamy

NA 

(3S,6R)-trans-linalool oxide (pyranoid) - earthy

NA 

(2R,5S)-cis-linalool oxide (furanoid) - leafy, earthy

NA 

(2S,5R)-cis-linalool oxide (furanoid) - sweet, floral, creamy

NA 

(2R,5R)-trans-linalool oxide (furanoid) - leafy, earthy

NA 

(2S,5S)-trans-linalool oxide (furanoid) -sweet, floral, creamy

NA 

(2S,2'S,5'S)-Lilac aldehyde - fresh, flowery

0.2 ng

(2R,2'R,5'R)-Lilac aldehyde - flowery

22 ng

(2R,2'S,5'S)-Lilac aldehyde - pleasant, flowery, fresh

0.3 ng

(2S,2'R,5'R)-Lilac aldehyde - flowery

20 ng

(2S,2'R,5'S)-Lilac aldehyde - sweet, flowery

0.3 ng

(2R,2'S,5'R)-Lilac aldehyde - flowery, fresh

18 ng

(2R,2'R,5'S)-Lilac aldehyde - sweet, flowery

0.4 ng

(2S,2'S,5'R)-Lilac aldehyde - flowery, fresh

4 ng

(2R,2'S,5'S)-Lilac alcohol - green, grassy, fresh

4 ng

(2S,2'R,5'R)-Lilac alcohol - sweet

80 ng

(2S,2'S,5'S)-Lilac alcohol - flowery

2 ng

(2R,2'R,5'R)-Lilac alcohol - odorless at >100 ng by GC sniffing

>100 ng

(2R,2'R,5'S)-Lilac alcohol - flowery, sweet, body

4 ng

(2S,2'S,5'R)-Lilac alcohol - herbaceous, slightly flowery

74 ng

(2S,2'R,5'S)-Lilac alcohol - sweet, flowery

2 ng

(2R,2'S,5'R)-Lilac alcohol - sweet

22 ng

(R)-(+)-Karahanaenol - Both enantiomers of karahanaenol have a mint like odor, The (S)-enantiomer had a notably fresher odor than the (R).

NA

(S)-(-)-Karahanaenol - Both enantiomers of karahanaenol have a mint like odor, The (S)-enantiomer had a notably fresher odor than the (R).

NA

+)-Ethyl 3-methyl-3-[(4R)-4-methylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]butanoate - fruity with a ripe pear note

NA

(-)-Ethyl 3-methyl-3-[(4S)-4-methylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]butanoate - fruity-pear with a woody note

NA

(4R)-(-)-carvone - Sweet spearmint, fresh herbal

43

(4S)-(+)-carvone - caraway, fresh herbal

600

(+)-(1R,4R,6R)-trans-carvone epoxide - faint floral

NA

(-)-(1S,4S,6S)-trans-carvone epoxide - faint caraway

NA

(+)-(2R,4S)-carveol - musty (Friedman, et. al.); Animal-musk indolic tone with citrus juice notes (Ishihara, et. al)

NA

(-)-(2S,4R)-carveol - minty (Friedman, et. al.); light, soft spearmint, minty (Ishihara, et. al)

NA

(+)-(2S,4S)-carveol - Spicy, peppermint, minty

(-)-(2S,4R)-carveol - Heavy, spearmint, minty

(1R,4R)-trans-dihydrocarvone - Spearmint

NA

(lS,4S)-trans-dihydrocarvone - caraway

NA

(1S,4R)-cis-dihydrocarvone - Odor - akin to musty and woody, but panelists had no difficulty distinguishing between the enantiomeric pairs.

NA

(1R,4S)-cis-dihydrocarvone - Odor - akin to musty and woody, but panelists had no difficulty distinguishing between the enantiomeric pairs.

NA

(-)-(4R)-carvotanacetone - spearmint

NA

(+)-(4S)-carvotanacetone - caraway

NA

(+)-(1R,4R,6R)-trans-carvotanacetone epoxide - strong floral

NA

(-)-(1S,4S,6S)-trans-carvotanacetone epoxide - caraway-like

NA

(-)-(2S,4R)-carvotanacetol - minty

NA

(+)-(2R,4S)-carvotanacetol - musty

NA

(+)-(2S,4R)-2-Acetyl-p-menth-6-ene - remarkably different in aroma than its (-)-(2R,4S)-enantiomer having a disagreeable tree-like note

2.0 ppm in water

(-)-(2R,4s)-2-Acetyl-p-menth-6-ene - provides a sweetness, specifically reminds of a grapefruit or Mandarin having green fruity citrus aroma

0.1 ppm in water

(-)-(2S,4S)-2-Acetyl-p-menth-6-ene - disagreeable tree-like green note

NA

(+)-(2R,4R)-2-Acetyl-p-menth-6-ene - disagreeable tree-like green note

NA

(+)-(1R,1'S,3'S,4'R)-1-(p-Menth-3'-yl)ethanol - unique fresh citrus aroma reminiscent of a grapefruit, a muscat or a litchi

NA

(-)-(1S,1'R,3'R,4'S)-1-(p-Menth-3'-yl)ethanol - deficient in aroma value with almost no odor

NA

(+)-(1S,1'S,3'S,4'R)-1-(p-Menth-3'-yl)ethanol - deficient in aroma value with almost no odor

NA

(-)-(1R,1'R,3'R,4'S)-1-(p-Menth-3'-yl)ethanol - deficient in aroma value with almost no odor

NA

(-)-(1R,1'R,2'R,4'S)-1-(p-menthen-2'-yl)ethanol - has specifically a grapefruit and citrus aroma reminiscent of Orange and (lemon?)

NA

(+)-(1S,1'S,2'S,4'R)-1-(p-menthen-2'-yl)ethanol - weak aroma which is featureless

NA

(2S,2'R,1''R)-Nectaryl - Rather weak and uncharacteristic fruity-lactonic odour with some additional resemblance of green apple, it does not contribute much to the commercial Nectaryl.

11.2 ng/L air

(2R,2'S,1''R)-Nectaryl - Powerful, very intense, sweet and dry fruity-lactonic odour in the direction of peach and apricots, with some floral undertone, does contribute much to the overall odour of commercial Nectaryl.

0.094 ng/L air

(2S,2'S,1''R)-Nectaryl - Rather weak and uncharacteristic fruity-lactonic odour with some additional resemblance of green apple, it does not contribute much to the commercial Nectaryl.

14.9 ng/L air

(2R,2'R,1''R)-nectaryl - Powerful, very intense, sweet and dry fruity-lactonic odour in the direction of peach and apricots, with some floral undertone, does contribute much to the overall odour of commercial Nectaryl.

0.112 ng/L air

(-)-(2S,4R)-cis-Rose oxide ketone - Herbal, sweet, typical methyl ketone-like odor

NA

(+)-(2R,4S)-cis-Rose oxide ketone - Herbal, green, sweet, typical methyl ketone-like odor

NA

(2S,4S)-trans-Rose oxide ketone - Odorless up to 1000 ng

NA

(2R,4R)-trans-Rose oxide ketone - Odorless up to 1000 ng

NA

(4R)-(-)-Disophenol - woody, camphor-like, menthofuran, minty, isoeugenol, clove, bucchu, menthone/pulegone, dusty, jasmone-like

NA

(4S)-(+)-Disophenol - not as strong as the (R)-enantiomer. Characterised as woody, camphor-like, dusty, medicinal, isoeugenol, cis-jasmone-like, terpene-like

NA

(-)-3-((4S)-4-isopropylcyclohex-1-enyl)propanal - odor note of lily of the valley, floral, sweet, watery, powdery and ozone-like, natural, caring, complex and radiant.

NA

(+)-3-((4R)-4-isopropylcyclohex-1-enyl)propanal - odor note of lily of the valley, fruity, green, watery and aldehyde-like.

NA

(+)-(5S)-N-Isobutyl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Not too pleasant at the beginning, reminiscent of amyl acetate, later reminiscent of cognac oil, sweet, methylchavicol-like and a clear liquorice note

NA

(-)-(5R)-N-Isobutyl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Spearmint-like which gets stronger with the time, sweet side note

NA

(+)-(5S)-N-Octyl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Green, mushroom-like, carvone-like, aldehyde-fatty

NA

(-)-(5R)-N-Octyl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Caraway note, fatty, mushroom-like which gets stronger with time, later also a weak jasmine note, reminiscent of octanol acetate

NA

(+)-(5S)-N-2-Furfuryl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Carvone-like, spearmint character which gets stronger with time, metallic, menthol sidenote

NA

(-)-(5R)-N-2-Furfuryl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Carvone-like, very mild

NA

(+)-(5S)-N-Cyclohexyl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Carvone-like, caraway odour, very volatile

NA

(-)-(5R)-N-Cyclohexyl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Carvone-like, spearmint, clean, sweet and very pleasant

NA

(+)-(5S)-N-Benzyl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Metallic, bay-oil-like, a bit herbaceous, earthy but without mushroom notes, slightly reminiscent of pizza

NA

(-)-(5R)-N-Benzyl-(5-isopropenyl-2-methyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-imine - Generally weak, herbaceous, spicy, fatty, origano-like (“pizza”)

NA

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